The thickness of sediments in sedimentary basins with hydrocarbon sources potential is one of the primary factor in determining the thermal maturation of these basins. In this study, non-linear inverse modeling of sediment thicknesses of sedimentary basins based on gravity data was investigated using Ant colony optimization (ACO). In this research, designing and implementation of the proposed algorithm was verified on synthetic model data. For evaluating the validation of this developed algorithm, it was tasted by both synthetic example include free noise data and data with presence of white Gaussian noise. Also results of application of this applying on noisy data, shows this approach is robust to the presence of noise in data. Finally reliability of proposed method to the inversion of a real gravity data was confirmed by applying it on a real gravity profile in the Moghan sedimentary basin. Results of this modeling agree well with previously published works on this Area.