It has been about 50 years that many observations have been reported in the space of signals obtained through earthquakes, measurements and possible aftershocks. The detected parameters vary from the components of the electromagnetic field (in a large frequency band) to the plasma parameters. From particle detection to thermal anomalies and DEMETER missions, analyzes have been performed on data sets collected by non-specific satellites.
Even beyond the results obtained, the DEMETER mission has been a turning point in the spatial investigation of seismic phenomena, laying the groundwork for subsequent missions in terms of tools, observational strategy, and measurement uncertainty. Today, the CSES-01 satellite, developed in collaboration with China and Italy in partnership with Austrian institutions, represents an advanced mission to study the near-Earth electromagnetic environment with the aim of extending the observation of earthquake precursors for long periods of time. Considering that CSES-01 is the first application of several small LEO satellites, the second one will be launched in 2023 with the same CSES-01 instrument and orbit, and with a few changes.
This paper provides a brief overview of space-based observations, from seismic precursors including preliminary studies to recent studies, and examines the results, hypotheses, and trends in this field of research.